What role does the umbilical cord play for the fetus?

The umbilical cord serves a critical function in fetal development by simultaneously facilitating the exchange of oxygen and waste products between the fetus and the placenta. The cord contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. The umbilical vein carries oxygen-rich blood, along with essential nutrients, from the placenta to the fetus, while the umbilical arteries transport deoxygenated blood and waste products from the fetus back to the placenta.

This dual role is essential for maintaining the fetus's health and ensuring that it receives the necessary oxygen for growth and development, as well as allowing the removal of metabolic waste products. Therefore, the correct understanding of the umbilical cord's function encompasses both the delivery of oxygen and nutrients as well as the removal of waste, highlighting its vital role in fetal physiology.